Diffterence between Human recourse planing and Business planing Essay

Diffterence between Human response planing and Business planing - Essay Example Hence, a field-tested strategy can be characterized as a report which is used to portray the business alongside its â€Å"objectives, procedures, target advertise and budgetary forecasts† (Small Business Development Corporation 2014, section 2). So business arranging is a technique level movement which is generally imperative while beginning a business or leaving on another endeavor. A HR plan is situated towards the laborers of the endeavor. One of the immediate worries of HR arranging is to chalk out the key modern relationship the board strategies (Planning for Staff Development: Fanning the Flame 1990). HR arranging is firmly related with human asset advancement. The procedure energizes ability chase and predictable staff preparing, with the goal that organization or office explicit exceptionally gifted workforce can be created. Be that as it may, a marketable strategy depends on an agent, investor, or investor situated influential methodology (Chen, Yao, and Kotha 2009). Marketable strategies are progressively detailed. Aside from HR arranging, business arranging is additionally identified with other arranging forms like showcasing plan advancement, item arranging, information the board, speculation arranging, and so forth. Once more, a HR plan is explicit; it handles matters identified with the staff and enrollment forms (Braham 1989). It nay likewise include outline for staff preparing, finance the board, and instructive projects. Then again, a field-tested strategy includes making sure about the staff, yet additionally dealing with the speculators, supporters, providers, and customers (Butler 2000). So it tends to be reasoned that the pressure of HR arranging lies on business strategies where transient procedures like staff determination, consolidated instructional meeting, database the executives, and so on are given most noteworthy need. That is the reason vital HR is viewed as an improved part of HR arranging (Planning for Staff Development: Fanning the Flame 1990). At the vital level, confounded HR arranging with long haul objectives must be gone before by expand

Alcoholism and Public Health Law Essay

Liquor utilization represents a danger for some, general wellbeing hurts. Weakened driving is probably the biggest supporter of engine vehicle crashes (Burris, Grunwald, Anderson, &ump; Filippoli, 2011). In the United States every year about 13,400 individuals kick the bucket and an extra 255,500 are harmed in engine vehicle crashes including a liquor impeded driver as per Burris et al., 2011. In 2006, these accidents represented just about 33% of all U.S. traffic-related passings (Burris et al., 2011). Liquor is the most regularly manhandled substance in the United States as per Pandrea, Happel, Amedee, Bagby, &ump; Nelson, 2010, and considers show that diminishing liquor utilization can prompt general wellbeing enhancements, for example, diminished occurrence of â€Å"liver cirrhosis, insanity tremens, male self destruction, culpability, hospitalizations, liquor related sickness mortality, work environment wounds, STDs, IPV, assault, burglary, and extreme brutality towards children† (Jernigan). Open heath manages numerous different issues that cause weights to people and society the same, for example, heftiness and weapon use. In the course of recent months, features in the news have been resounding â€Å"Chocolate Milk Removed from School Lunches,† and â€Å"Senate Considers Federal Tax on Soda.† While the expulsion of chocolate milk from school menus has really occurred in certain school regions the nation over, government charge on soft drinks has just been a proposition now. In any case, both echoes reverberating through the news started from heightening examination that America’s twin plagues of diabetes and stoutness are because of diets high in sugar. The final product is that the activities taken to battle stoutness have not been delegated either powerful, dubious, or destructive reliably through examinations and research in light of the fact that there are such a large number of factors like hereditary qualities, other sugar-stacked refreshments and nourishments on the rack, absence of activity, plenitude of computer games, and the way of life one is acclimated that add to hef tiness too. Be that as it may, even with the scarcest tendency disposing of chocolate milk or government charge on soft drink will take out sugar from corpulent population’s eat less and in this way diminish weight, bolster gatherings and supporting exploration appear to stack up the temporary fads. Liquor misuse is surely a pandemic, and the domino impact of pessimism it can cause in one’s life and environmental factors makes a horrid gauge into the eventual fate of American general wellbeing to some degree like the corpulence plague. Heftiness and liquor utilization go about as a correlation between two comparative, yet opposing issues, much like general wellbeing andâ public wellbeing law. High-hazard savoring results numerous ramifications for general wellbeing and not at all like heftiness and soft drink charge, a huge number of deliberate writing audits directed by profoundly respected researchers and distributed by solid associations or friend looked into diaries demonstrate charges that expansion the cost of liquor adequately diminish by and large liquor utilization. In spite of the fact that approaches to decrease liquor utilization are not made breathtaking in the news like numerous other drifting general wellbeing pandemics, liquor misuse is one of only a hand ful not many clashes general wellbeing disease transmission experts and financial analysts have inferred a shot proof game plan to viably lessen its unsafe impacts. This composition fills in as a proof brief summing up the issue, the law, the proof, and the primary concern relating with the impact of expanding charge levels on liquor use, and to demonstrate why understanding general wellbeing law and approach is fundamental in overcoming any issues between demonstrated examinations performed by general wellbeing experts and the lawmakers and lobbyists who can execute the discoveries. Utilizing the ebb and flow condition of weight for instance was simply to illuminate the halt liquor misuse is experiencing, which eventually dwells in the poor association between general wellbeing exploration and general wellbeing law. In any case, it is important that different procedures exist to control liquor misuse other than attempting to force what some may call a â€Å"sin tax,†, for example, exhaustive anticipation programs: 1) Offer and advance social, recreational, extracurricular, and open help liquor free choices; 2) Create a social, scholastic , and private condition that underpins wellbeing advancing standards; 3) Limit liquor accessibility both on and off grounds; 4) Restrict advertising and advancement of mixed drinks both on and off grounds; and 5) Develop and authorize approaches and laws at the grounds, nearby, state and government levels (The Demand for Alcohol: The Differential Response to Price, 2005). The components of a far reaching anticipation program confine a portion of the harm brought about by liquor misuse however the pandemic streams forward. Various epidemiological investigations have shown that liquor use issue (AUDs, for example, liquor misuse and liquor reliance are across the board in everyone of the United States, with roughly 8.5 percent of grown-ups having had an AUD in 2007 (Falk, Yi, &ump; Hiller-Sturmhofel, 2008). In addition, numerous individuals experiencing AUDs additionally experience the ill effects of at least one other mental issue, including other medication use issue (DUDs), moodâ disorders like significant misery, tension issue, or character issue like standoffish character issue (Falk et al., 2008). Falk et al., 2008, additionally announced the commonness of liquor use and AUDs is a lot higher among individuals with tranquilize use and DUDs, separately, than the other way around. This mirrors the way that liquor is significantly more generally u tilized than different medications might be an entryway to the utilization of unlawful or increasingly intense medications (Falk et al., 2008). Falk et al., 2008, detailed that their outcomes indicated a portion reaction connection between the two classes of substances, with paces of medication use, week by week sedate use, and DUDs expanding â€Å"monotonically with expanding levels of liquor utilization and the nearness of AUDs.† The clear investigation by Falk et al., 2008, not just depicts the dismal impacts of liquor misuse but at the same time is only one of the numerous sound surveys giving commonness gauges giving medicinal services policymakers and treatment organizers with a â€Å"comprehensive evaluation of the condition of the utilization, co-use, and co-horribleness of liquor and different medications in the United States.† The progression of misuse and impacts sadly doesn't have a dam, and floods further along into general wellbeing. Equity, Lynn, &ump; Fiellin, 2010, have demonstrated that over a wide span of time liquor utilization straightforwardly impacts HIV movement and endurance by changing planning of, adherence, and reaction to medicine intended to limit levels of HIV in the body like antiretroviral treatment (ART). Liquor use additionally impacts persistent results by expanding the hazard for HIV and antiretroviral related co morbidities, including liver malady, cardiovascular and cerebral vascular ailment, aspiratory illness, bone infection, and malignant growth (Justice et al., 2010). Those with HIV have a lower resilience for liquor, as per Justice et al., 2010, yet safeguard extreme degrees of utilization as they age and the developing impacts of past and current liquor utilization is probably going to increment since patients with HIV disease are required to live 20 to 30 years with ART. Disastrously, liquor is a fear that looms around society and influences the powerless and solid the same. Solid populaces for the most part incorporate school and college understudies, who likely don't have HIV or AUDs or DUDs while seeking after an advanced education. Be that as it may, 25 percent of understudies report scholarly issues brought about by liquor use as per The Demand for Alcohol: The Differential Response to Price, 2005. Understudies who practice high-hazard drinking are in danger for a large group of issues, including: 1) A decrease in scholarly performanceâ due to less than stellar scores, missed classes, and falling behind that may prompt scholastic probation or dropping out of school; 2) Engaging in unprotected sex; 3) Increased danger of executing or being a casualty of brutality, including rape, right of passage, vandalism, and battles; 4) Health issues identified with liquor use; and 5) Injury, capture or demise because of driving under the influence, or other liquor related causes (The Demand for Alcohol: The Differential Response to Price, 2005). Much like solid splitting and in the end an ever increasing number of breaks following, are the optional impacts liquor misuse has on grounds. Right off the bat, drinking subverts the objective establishments of advanced education put forward, since overwhelming drinking prompts a decrease in scholarly execution. Besides, substantial drinking can influence the grounds in general through decreasing consistency standards, expanding costs because of harm from vandalism, and marking the foundation as a gathering school. The â€Å"party school† picture may pull in understudies who decide to be in high-chance settings, improving the probability of liquor related episodes nearby (The Demand for Alcohol: The Differential Response to Price, 2005). Understudies who don't drink may likewise encounter negative results of liquor use by their friends as indicated by The Demand for Alcohol: The Differential Response to Price, 2005. Impacts may incorporate examination or rest interference, de aling with a smashed companion, having an undesirable lewd gesture, having property harmed, and being a survivor of brutality including physical or rape. More than 75% of understudies living nearby have encountered at any rate one of the negative auxiliary impacts of liquor use at their school (The Demand for Alcohol: The Differential Response to Price, 2005). Maybe an imaginative virtuoso wellbeing proficient plans a counteraction program that wipes out liquor utilization, just a brief term of time will pass and the showcasing branches of significant distilleries will advance their image in a manner to pull the open right go into the progression of admission. Or on the other hand possibly no fruitful anticipation program structures, yet raising the extract burdens on liquor is being quickened by

Summer restaurant recommendations

Summer restaurant recommendations A few weeks back, I ran into my friend Andre 08 on the T (that is, the Boston subway). Andre, who is on campus this summer working on the MIT iGEM team, was on his way to eat with some friends at a new (for him) restaurant. Summer is a time where students find even more time to explore Boston and try yummy restaurants. Inspired by my conversation with Andre, here is a good summer list of restaurants for students (and campus visitors!) to try. Theyre many of my favorite places! Cafe Baraka: A wonderful, hole-in-the-wall Tunisian restaurant. Tell Chef Alia I said hello =) 80 1/2 Pearl St. Cambridge, MA T: Red Line to Central Square Punjabi Dhaba: Probably the best, cheapest, and most authentic Indian food in all of Boston. 225 Hampshire St Cambridge, MA T: Red Line to Central Square; #83 or #91 bus Addis Red Sea: Great Ethiopian food and an excuse to eat with your hands. 544 Tremont St. Boston, MA T: Orange Line to Back Bay Redbones: Among the better barbecue/Southern food in Boston, with a lot of culture and attitude. 55 Chester St Somerville, MA T: Red line to Davis Square Johnny Ds: Great jazz brunches on the weekends, and half-price (cheap!) dinners before 6pm on weekdays. 17 Holland St Somerville, MA T: Red Line to Davis Square Trident Cafe: This bookstore cafe on trendy Newbury Street has all-day breakfast and lots of vegetarian, vegan, and other healthy options. 338 Newbury Street Boston, MA T: #1 bus to Hynes Fugakyu: One of many great sushi places in the Boston area, and a great excuse to visit the very cool Coolidge Corner neighborhood. 1280 Beacon St Brookline, MA T: Green Line C train to Coolidge Corner Rubins Kosher: Yummy Kosher deli/restaurant. It really hits the spot. 500 Harvard Street Brookline, MA T: Green Line B train to Harvard Ave Flour Bakery Cafe: Yummy pastries, but also great brunch dinner. The best of its kind around. 1595 Washington St Boston, MA T: #1 bus to Washington Street The Helmand: Delicious Afghani food. Dont miss the Kaddo (pumpkin), its to die for. 143 1st St Cambridge, MA T: CambridgeSide Galleria shuttle Taiwan Cafe: One of many great places in Chinatown. I love their soup dumplings. 34 Oxford St Boston, MA T: Red Line to Downtown Crossing or South Station Bon appetit! (Feel free to leave other recommendations in the comments)

Voltage Definition in Physics

Voltage is a representation of the electric potential energy per unit charge. If a unit of electrical charge were placed in a location, the voltage indicates the potential energy of it at that point. In other words, it is a measurement of the energy contained within an electric field, or an electric circuit, at a given point. It is equal to the work that would have to be done per unit charge against the electric field to move the charge from one point to another. Voltage is a scalar quantity; it does not have direction. Ohms Law says voltage equals current times resistance. Units of Voltage The SI unit of voltage is the volt, such that 1 volt 1 joule/coulomb. It is represented by V. The volt is named after Italian physicist Alessandro Volta who invented a chemical battery. This means that one coulomb of charge will gain one joule of potential energy when it is moved between two locations where the electric potential difference is one volt. For a voltage of 12 between two locations, one coulomb of charge will gain 12 joules of potential energy. A six-volt battery has a potential for one coulomb of charge to gain six joules of potential energy between two locations. A nine-volt battery has a potential for one coulomb of charge to gain nine joules of potential energy. How Voltage Works A more concrete example of voltage from real life is a water tank with a hose extending from the bottom. Water in the tank represents stored charge. It takes work to fill the tank with water. This creates a store of water, as separating charge does in a battery. The more water in the tank, the more pressure there is and the water can exit through the hose with more energy. If there were less water in the tank, it would exit with less energy. This pressure potential is equivalent to voltage. The more water in the tank, the more pressure. The more charge stored in a battery, the more voltage. When you open the hose, the current of water then flows. The pressure in the tank determines how fast it flows out of the hose. Electrical current is measured in Amperes or Amps. The more volts you have, the more amps for the current, same as the more water pressure you have, the faster the water will flow out of the tank. However, the current is also affected by resistance. In the case of the hose, it is how wide the hose is. A wide hose allows more water to pass in less time, while a narrow hose resists the water flow. With an electrical current, there can also be resistance, measured in ohms. Ohms Law says voltage equals current times resistance. V I * R. If you have a 12-volt battery but your resistance is two ohms, your current will be six amps. If the resistance were one ohm, your current would be 12 amps.

On July 5Th Of 1852, Fredrick Douglass Gave A Speech To

On July 5th of 1852, Fredrick Douglass gave a speech to a mainly female audience at the Rochester Anti-Slavery Sewing society rally. This speech is famously known as â€Å"What to the slave is the fourth of July?†. This speech is known for being one of the most eloquent and well-spoken anti-slavery speeches of its time. He starts by discussing the importance of the fourth of July to the white men who are able to experience the entirety of freedom in America. He then counters what he earlier said by saying that a man who is not fully free has not been liberated and doesn’t have anything to celebrate. This speech heavily focused on issues such as human rights and human security, as well as beliefs from the enlightenment movement, which were†¦show more content†¦At this time period it was international law that the enslavement of African men and woman was legal. Fredrick Douglass logically tackles this issue with reason by stating that there is no one who wo uld be in favor of becoming a slave themselves, due to Natural Law, so how is it fair to make someone become a slave when they themselves wouldn’t become one. There are signs of him showing an understanding in the global civil society and idealism. Fredrick talks about the uprising of the colonists against the British crown’s rule. He depicts our forefathers and other revolutionaries as sensible and reasonable people who understood they were being oppressed and wanted true liberty and freedom. I believe he did this for the main reason of not being automatically dismissed by white patriotic men who won’t listen to a black man talk about the rights of people. This tactic is commonly used by politicians today to not offend and eliminate a portion of possible voters. Mr. Douglass maintained to stay a peacekeeping activist in this time period, which is very impressive given the amount of persecution his culture endured. This style of pleasing everyone while still getting your point across is an effective form of communicating that is very impressive for the given time period. Not only was this speech obviously advocating for African AmericanShow MoreRelatedThe Declaration Of Independence, All Men Are Created Equal1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Declaration of Independence states â€Å"all men are created equal.† However, that concept does not contribute to Fredrick Douglass and Red Jacket, who represent two different cultures with a similar dilemma. Both argue the hypocrisy of the document, that only applies to a certain population of the United States of America. In addition, Douglass and Red Jacket are defending their beliefs among the injustices that they have came across with the â€Å"whites†. Even though Red Jacket is speaking up amongRead More Frederick Douglass’ Fourth of July Speech Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesOn July 5th of 1852, the Ladies Antislavery Society of Rochester requested that emancipated slave, Fredrick Douglass, speak for their celebration of the United States’ national independence. Douglass accepted this request and presented a powerful speech that explained and argued his true beliefs and feelings concerning this event. He considered their decision to request him as a speaker on that day to be a mockery of his past and of the ongoing status of blacks as slaves in America at the time

Malcoms Final Speech Free Essays

Malcolm’s Final Speech Shakespeare’s written work has stood the test of time and Macbeth is an excellent example of his classic literature. At the end of the play the final scene is about who will become the King of Scotland. After the death of Macbeth, Malcolm is declared King. We will write a custom essay sample on Malcoms Final Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now He is declared King since it was his birthright because his father was King before Macbeth killed him. Shortly after he was declared as the new King, Malcolm makes a speech of acceptance. One can look at this passage from many different perspectives. During his speech he talks about rewarding the Thanes and kinsmen that that fought along side him by declaring them the first Earls of Scotland. This demonstrates his honesty, loyalty and it also proves that he is a trustworthy King. Some might argue that this demonstrates that Malcolm is also very trusting of other people. This was one of the traits shown by his father; the trait that led to his downfall. He was too trusting in Macbeth, which gave him the opportunity to kill Duncan. This is not the only item that Malcolm addressed in his speech. He also addresses the state of Scotland. He wants those that were exiled by Macbeth to return home, and for those that supported Macbeth to be exiled. Malcolm wants to exile all of Macbeth’s supporters to ensure that there is not revolt or uprising against him when the nation of Scotland remains in a fragile state. His decisiveness in this regard, is a good quality for a King to have. The most crucial aspect of his speech is when he announces the death of Lady Macbeth. This is critical because Lady Macbeth was the true ruler of Scotland. Macbeth was nothing more than a puppet and Lady Macbeth was the puppeteer. Macbeth was an honorable man turned tyrant by the manipulation of his wife. Lady Macbeth was not evil, but she was driven by greed for power and control. No matter what her status was in the political world, she was not happy with it until she was finally the queen of Scotland. Lady Macbeth took her own life. There were two factors that contributed to Lady Macbeth taking her own life. One of those factors was the fact that she could feel the power slipping away from her. She knew her power and control would not last much longer and she could not accept that. The second, and larger contributing factor that led to her suicide was her conscience. She was tormented because of the things that she and her husband had done. They were horrendous and horrific acts that weighed heavily on her mind. She could not take it anymore, so she decided to jump off of a balcony. Scotland was set free by the death of Lady Macbeth. At the end of his speech Malcolm states that with God by his side, he believes that he will be able to restore peace and harmony in Scotland. In the final line of his speech he invites all to Scone to watch him be crowned and reclaim what was stolen from him. After having examined Malcolm’s speech, it reveals how trusting and decisive Malcolm was and how Lady Macbeth was truly in charge during Macbeth’s reign. Malcolm is a perfect foil to show Macbeths weakness and Lady Macbeth’s power over him. This leaves the reader with the idea that in fact Macbeth was nothing more than a weak coward. How to cite Malcoms Final Speech, Papers

Babbit Essay Research Paper This is the free essay sample

Babbit Essay, Research Paper This is the narrative of a adult male named George F. Babbitt. Babbitt is, in my head, the finest illustration of the mercenary individual. Babbitt bases his life purely on what he has and his societal standing. Babbitt cares small for anyone but himself. He treats his married woman with small regard and treats her severely. He merely seems to wish his girl Tinka. His other kids, Ted and Verna, seem to hold small importance to him. Babbitt # 8217 ; s household seems to function as an irritation to him through the whole narrative. Babbitt really seems to wish really few people except for the brief minute when it seems to be progressing him socially. Babbitt lives in Floral Heights which is a instead ritzy lodging development in Zenith. He describes his house and it # 8217 ; s flawlessness. He talks about the towels in the bathroom. He says that one towel is reserved for invitees but that it is neer used because even the invitees are excessively frightened to utilize it. We will write a custom essay sample on Babbit Essay Research Paper This is the or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One forenoon Babbitt is so irritated with his household that when he discovers that all the household towels are wet he uses the invitee towel. This is Babbitt # 8217 ; s ain small signifier of rebellion. Babbitt is a existent estate agent. He talks about fixing to travel to work. He says that he has to do certain he wears the perfect outfit and that everything lucifers everything else. Babbitt takes rather awhile to fix because he is somewhat slow about happening his apparels. He can # 8217 ; t wear one jacket with one brace of bloomerss he has to have on merely the right 1. Babbitt # 8217 ; s house is non truly a house but instead a construction. Babbitt does non even kip in his sleeping room but instead on a sleeping porch. He can # 8217 ; t afford to # 8220 ; upset # 8221 ; his room. He besides is non excessively fond of his married woman and feels no dedication to her what so of all time. So Babbitt slumbers on the porch. His married woman is much more dedicated to her hu bby and she tries to assist him. Babbitt does non like her though and continually stairss all over her. Mrs. Babbitt runs the house while her hubby plant. She makes dinner and attempts to assist him happen apparels that lucifer. She takes attention of the kids who are besides instead unappreciative. Mrs. Babbitt does non hold much of a function in the narrative except as an obstruction to her hubby. She seems really diffident about her hubby # 8217 ; s devotedness but when she inquiries him he fundamentally ignores her. Mrs. Babbitt is besides in charge of keeping dinner parties with the neighbours. This is the proper thing to make in Floral Heights and they attend and throw dinner parties on the weekend. They besides have card games. Mr. Babbitt is besides really fond of his # 8220 ; cocktails # 8221 ; . He takes great attention in the mode with which he mixes the drinks. He even goes to particular attempts to happen # 8220 ; black market # 8221 ; gin. Another merchandise that Babbitt is fond of is his coffin nails and there are a few chapters dedicated to them. Babbitt discusses the assorted lengths that he goes to to seek and discontinue smoke. He says that he locks his coffin nails in the bottom shortss of cabinets to forestall himself from easy happening them. This does non assist and he continues to smoke. He in fact begins to smoke more frequently. He buys himself a nice cigar cutter and begins to prize it as his favourite ownership. Babbitt takes the smallest things really earnestly. He is concerned non merely with what people think of him but besides what he owns. He is invariably seeking to be the best or at least at par with his workers. Babbitt loves the amusing strips and he reads them every dark. He reads them carefully so that he can analyse every item. He reads them because he finds them intellectually exciting. He makes certain that all of his images are hung exactly in the middle of the walls and that everything is perfect in his house. He seems to find comfort in the small details. He mainly does it to try and impress the people that come and stay at his house. Babbitt has many people that he calls his friends. They are merely acquaintances but among these people are Paul and Zilla Rieslings. Every year the Babbitts travel to Maine with them. This year Babbitt decides that he wants to go on ahead so that he can take a break. He and Paul go together and the girls were going to follow. The men have a great time without the women. They stayed out every night and partied. Then they would crawl home after watching some women dance around. When the women finally arrive the real life comes back and the men are questioned about their whereabouts. They finally decide not to go out anymore. When Babbitt arrives at home his colleagues hold him in high esteem. He makes a few speeches and slowly moves up the society ladder. He is slightly disappoi nted that he does not become more accepted by the society climbers. Babbitt does not care though and he continues to have people over for dinner parties. He tries to convince his children that they want respectable jobs. Ted, his son, wants to train at home and not attend college. He is trying to explain this to his father who does not like the idea. Ted says that he doesn’t really want to go to college but that he would rather go to Japan. This upsets Babbitt. Babbitt tries to explain his point but then realizes that it could be worse. He decides that his son isn’t really too bad. Babbitt decides that he has a liking for young women. He begins to hit on anything n a skirt while his wife is out of town. He seems to have little remorse and actually tries to find attractive females. He finds that his mind is sinking into the gutter. If a young woman comes into his office he finds that he flirts with her. Mrs. Daniel Judique made the mistake of walking into his office on one of these days. Babbitt has an affair of sorts with her. He also has a crush on the young woman next door. She is young and married. She turns him down. When Mrs. Babbitt comes home she asks about his time alone and he leaves out the parts about the young women. She knows but she tries to accept it. The Babbits continue entertaining their guests. Mrs. Babbitt handles herself well and Babbitt finds is way back onto the social ladder. He finds out that the other people still like him. He becomes the vice president of the a club in his city. He is liked by most of the men in the town and begins to throw more parties. His wife becomes more and more annoyed about his â€Å"rendez-vous† with young ladies. He tries to escape her questions but she persists. Paul becomes so annoyed with Zila that he shots her in the shoulder and ends up in jail. He feels really bad and is glad that Babbitt is still his friend. Mrs. Babbitt says that she can’t believe that he did it. Soon Mrs . Babbitt becomes ill. Babbitt realizes that he was wrong to be so mean to her but still doesn’t really change. Ted comes home and tells his parents that he is going to be married. His mother is happy but surprised and she encourages him. Ted asks for his fathers approval while the ladies go to the kitchen. Babbitt tells Ted that he was never really happy with his life and that he should do whatever he thinks will make him happy. He tells Ted that all he really wants is for Ted to be happy and that he will be. They go together to face the parents of Ted’s new wife as well as a few other neighbors. In the end everyone is slightly happy but

Four Basic Funtions of Management in Business Management free essay sample

Every organization, regardless of size, has developed and implemented its own management concepts in order for it to run smoothly and accomplish the vision, goal, and objective, the company has set forth. The basic functions of management can be broken down into four different areas, allowing the organization to handle the strategic, tactical, and operational decisions (Sanjau, 2007). The four functions of management are essential to building strong teams and stronger organization. Common to all managers, the four functions are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling (Pakhare, 2007). A good manager is able to accomplish all four functions both effectively and efficiently (Bateman Snell, 2009). At Triumph, planning is the foundation in which all management decisions regarding the company will be based upon. The management teams will utilize the planning function to assess the status of the company today, as well as in the upcoming future. Once the management team has an agreed upon plan, and the company’s mission has been established, the team must determine how the desired results will be achieved. We will write a custom essay sample on Four Basic Funtions of Management in Business Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The next objective is to establish a goal and the strategies to achieve the goals set forth. After setting the goal the next step the management team will accomplish is to create a time line to complete the objective. The organizing function for the team at Triumph is to formulate the activities, which will include the accounting department, sales department and supply chain involved in helping reach the goal that has been set forth. Once all the different departments are set, it is up to the management team to departmentalize the process and create smaller groups to achieve the goals and objectives. Once the departments create their own teams a clear organizational structure is drawn and all employees are made aware of whom they are accountable too to help reach the goal of the company. Once the departmental teams are in place, the management team can help direct, communicate, motivate and assist the staff in meeting the company’s goals and objectives. At Triumph the management team will have open discussion with departmental teams to create and build positive working environment. In this process the employees feel as though they are part of the decision making and will ultimately help the company reach the desired goals and objectives. The final stage of the four functions of management is to control or establish the performance standard of the company’s objective (Bateman Snell, 2009). In this stage management keeps a close watch to make sure that all teams are on track to complete the goals and objectives that have been set forth and within the timeline. If at this point, it appears that one of the team’s seems to be off track then management will step in and help guide or make any necessary changes. The managers at Triumph know that ignoring any of the four functions can result in the failure of the company. Without using the planning stage first to make sure that all objectives are met and then organizing the plan and leading or motivating the team will result in not obtaining the objective or goal of the company. Managers at Triumph know that the final stage of creating an effective and productive team, one must control the budget, departments and cost efficiency of the work implemented to achieve the objectives. According to Barnes (2008), â€Å"if one can master the four management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and coordinating of resources, their opportunities are endless†

Salt Potato essays

Salt Potato essays Plants in the soil have their roots in a dilute solution of mineral ions. When they are suddenly flooded with seawater, concentration of which is 0.3 molar Sodium Chloride, they are observed to wilt and become flaccid. The aim of this experiment is to investigate the movement of water into and out of plant cells by osmosis. The cells chosen for study will be taken from potato tubers as they provide a ready supply of uniform material. Any substance dissolved in water is called a solute; a solvent is a liquid that is able to dissolve another substance, called a solute, to form a solution. The water content of plants varies depending on environmental conditions. In land plants it plays a vital role in structural support and mineral transport and thus a lack of water may lead to wilting or possibly death. Water is mainly absorbed through the roots, which are covered in specially adapted root hair cells, with large surface areas and thin cell walls to aid absorption by osmosis. The evaporation of water through stomata on plant leaves causes a transpiration stream, causing the water to be drawn up through xylem vessels. Osmosis is the flow of water molecules by diffusion through a partially permeable membrane from areas of high water potential (low solute concentrations) to regions of low water potential (high solute concentrations). All plant cell membranes are partially permeable, which means they allow some some substances to penetrate them but not others. Whether water enters the cell by osmosis will depend on the balance between external and internal solute and water potentials. If the solutions on each side of the partially permeable membrane are of equal water or solute potential, then there will be no net movement of water molecules across the membrane. This is called an equilibrium state and the solutions are referred to as being isotonic. A solution that contains more solute particles than another, and hence has a l...

The Corporate Culture of Google and the Core Principles That Drive Essay

The Corporate Culture of Google and the Core Principles That Drive Them - Essay Example From its few employees, Google has now leapt to a gargantuan organization of 20,000 plus employees (Google). The company however strove to avoid the culture of being big and always actively maintain that â€Å"small feel company†. Google as a company always strove to ward-off conservatism that can be seen as companies mature. â€Å"We are actively trying to prevent middle-agedom,† explains Eric Schmidt, Google’s current chief executive (The Economist). And this youthfulness which had brought in innovative products such as Google Maps is best reflected in its corporate culture to reinforce the mindset that made it what it is today. Google’s distinct, perhaps unorthodox culture can be readily observed in its headquarters in Mountain View, California which Google calls its campus as Googleplex-a combination of the words â€Å"Google† and â€Å"complex† (Google). It actively creates an environment of interaction among its employees where it offer s its employees to eat free in its coffee stations to have conversations. It also creates diversity just like its products and services with its game rooms that has pool tables, video games and ping-pong, and yes, it even has a baby piano. It also promotes a culture of openness with very few solo offices where Googlers shares cubes, yurts and huddle rooms (Google). Dogs, massage chairs and large inflatable balls are also okay. The list on how distinct its offices maintain a youthful ambience can go on and on. Google’s youthfulness and innovative culture is not only limited on how its offices are set up. What appears to be play is in fact a continuous search for perfection beginning in its hiring process where it favors ability more than experience. Moreso when hired, because Googlers, a Google employee is often called, is not strapped with a single repetitive function but wears several hats. This actually grows with how things are set up with Google offices and those free caf es have their purpose. It provides an avenue for cultivating ideas that may become the next big innovative product. This is further reinforced with the openness of its leadership which it also actively promotes a cultivating environment. In a Google environment, â€Å"no one, no one hesitates to pose questions directly to Larry or Sergey in our weekly all-hands (â€Å"TGIF†) meetings – or spike a volleyball across the net at a corporate officer â€Å" (Google). Perhaps to better understand its seemingly age proof and unorthodox corporate culture, it would be insightful to examine closely its core values that drives its action and the company’s culture. Google’s core principles that drives it corporate culture can be summed up as follows (Google); 1. Focus on the user and all else will follow – before doing anything, Googlers think about the end users welfare first. 2. It’s best to do one thing really, really well – even as it embark s on other products such as Gmail and Google Maps, Google knows what it does best – to search. And knows how to do it well and better. 3. Fast is better than slow – perhaps the best representational product of this core value is its internet browser Chrome. Chrome beat all its competitors for its speed and is the preferred internet browser of almost everyone due to its speed. This core value is always considered every time a new product is being developed. 4.

The body is a tool through which to construct the self Essay - 1

The body is a tool through which to construct the self - Essay Example The essay "The body is a tool through which to construct the self" discovers the Body in the context of Fashion. When it comes to analyzing the relationship between the society and a human being, little attention is paid to the role of body. It would not be an exaggeration to point out that humans are creatures that possess a dual nature: in spite of the fact that spiritual constituent of the identity is important, the material one is also essential for developing a correct understanding of a human being. That is why it would be particularly important to shed light on the issue that has largely been overlooked as the former constituent is regarded as an object of bigger interest than the latter. This paper will analyze the relationship between body and society, engaging evidence that is taken from academic literature and group the findings in the following categories: the temporal aspect; body as reflection of culture; body and fashion; the role of body on television; body as a platf orm for new gender. As it has already been noted, the relationship between body and society could be traced to the very emergence of the latter. That is why the analysis of it should start from a careful examination of views on body in the previous times. Thus, it is quite obvious that the categories that influenced the public opinion of the previous ages are quite different from the contemporary ones. So, by examining the cultural and ethical dominants of the past one might reconstruct the role of body in the society.

Engineering Description or Classification of Weathered Rocks

Engineering Description or Classification of Weathered Rocks Introduction The description and Classification of Weathered rocks brought together a series of important studies by leading geologist and engineering researchers due to the countless difficulties encountered by engineers in weathered rock areas, how it affects site exploration, plan and evaluation steps during projects. In the 1950s there has been a considerable amount of literature published on the characterisation of weathered rocks and engineering properties of weathered materials, but there was little or no standardisation of descriptive terminology during this period, the use of these published data for the prediction of the engineering behaviour away from the original study areas is limited. Thereafter the publications by the Geological Society Engineering Group Working Party; the International Society of Rock Mechanics, the British Standards Institution, the International Association of Engineering Geologist and Dearman have rationalised the terminology by the use of standard descriptive indices and simple index testing. These schemes enable the geologist or Civil engineer to describe the materials and rock structure in engineering terms, and how it has been adopted for general practice worldwide. However the choice of which scheme to use is generally dependent on the preference of the engineer responsible. Background Analysis The earliest attempts to classify weathered rocks in such a manner that will prove useful to engineering goes back to the early 1950s when weathering classification of granite was introduced by Moye in the Snowy Mountains of Australia. Moye proposed the scheme for the promotion and identification of engineering properties of weathered rock materials and how it would help to formulate the weathering terms of granite when they are used during site investigation by various group of persons. Six classes of rock materials were described based on the concept that logging of cores would be done on the basis of recognition of weathering types irrespective of order; surface or downwards and without any attempt fitting the initial results of the logging into a formatted or general weathering profile with subsequent zones established in the rock mass. Little (1967), discussing laterites, suggested that the Moye classification could be applied to â€Å"other lateritic-type soils† and would be more successful for the purpose, than the usual temperate soil classification into clay, silts etc. The interesting feature was that Little applied grade numbers to the various degrees of weathering recognised by Moye (1955); grade I was fresh rock and grade VI was rock weathered to a residual soil. Then the classifications of weathered rock came to a stage where a group of specialist came together in the UK and published a report on the first formalised weathering classification of rocks under the name of Geological Society Engineering Group Working Party Report on The Logging of Rock Cores for Engineering Purposes (Anon, 1970 in (Dearman, 1995). Its evident that this was also mainly based on the classification of (Moye, 1955) scheme. However, few amendments were made; the Moyes granitic soil term was changed to residual soil thereby increasing the number of categories from six to seven classes. Thus the new scheme was suggested to apply for a broader range of rocks while it was initially devised to granite. Another point of interest was that of the Working Party scheme which relied mostly on general descriptions and observations, which includes friability while that of Moye was based on classification on specific index test. To pave the way for the mass scheme recommendation in BS5930: 1981 (Anon, 1995), thus the latter scheme grades were reduced back to 6 as it was originally done by (Moye, 1955) and the same terminology was used with a complete different meaning. The argument over using the description of the materials or the mass scales for a classification came on. However, the required different approaches was advocated and grading the materials recommended to be; decomposed, disintegrated, fresh and discoloured. Duncan (1969) also proposed a scheme based on texture, structure, composition and classification (calcareous or non-calcareous), colour and grain size. Following the publication of BS5930: 1981, attempts have been made at developing classification schemes which allow the degree of weathering to be defined for different lithologies, (Table.2) (Anon 1970, Anon 1977, BS 5930 1981). The early schemes (Anon 1970, for instance) were based on the chemical weathering of granite rocks and represented a hybrid material grade and zone scheme. In 1977, the working party of the Engineering Group of Geological Society on the Description of Rock Masses (Geological Society of London 1977) clearly separated the description of weathering on a rock mass scale. This scheme, like the earlier ones, placed great emphasis on the weathering profiles developed on granitic rocks in tropical and sub-tropical environments, although, little guidance was given for the description of weathering. The British Standard proposed that weathered rock materials may be described or graded using four terms: decomposes, disintegrated, fresh and discoloured, but they did not provide any guidance for determining and describing the degree or weathering. Attempts to use these schemes in the description of rock materials have met with difficulty. It is the opinion of the authors that any reference to the degree of weathering should be omitted from the description unless it is known with some certainty on the basis of experience and knowledge of the typical weathering profile for that rock type. For rock weathering in conditions where physical disintegration dominates, it is unlikely that the degree of weathering may be determined from examination of rock materials alone. The descriptive scheme for weathering was later criticized as being too restrictive in scope and not easily applicable to a wide range of rock types and structural situation, though this was the original intention. As its indicated by (Cragg and Ingman, 1995) a number of problems may arise when (BS5930: 1981) is used for major projects. At the initial stage it is difficult to extrapolate the weathering pattern in two or three dimensions of rock cores. In some occasions this question cannot be fully answered unless closely spaced boreholes are cored, logged and then mass zones are ascribed after the complete set has been logged. In addition, drill-hole may be insufficiently dense for a derivation of a mass tract from material core logs. The critics of (BS5930: 1981) do not always have more objective alternative schemes of classifications. For some the type of rock alternative schemes may be preferred over the (BS5930: 1981), including (Chandler, 1969) for Merica Mudstone and (Chandler, 1972) for Upper Lisa Clay and etc. In a situation where weathering dominates many aspects of geotechnics, the complementary classifications of (Moye, 1955) and (Ruxton and Berry, 1957) were essentially adopted as standards by the Hong Kong Government for engineering descriptions in 1979 (Anon, 1979) in (Anon, 1995), however, it is clear that all these alternatives are site or region specified. They are generally rock mass schemes based and gradational or depth controlled. The IAEG (Anon, 1981c) in (Anon, 1995) recommended a presumably factual scale of percentages of weathering with no guidance for how this scale should be applied. According to the scheme, the degree of weathering can be expressed quantitatively by laboratory study. But these approaches remain liable to lead to misunderstanding and disputes concerning descriptions. As far as the problems and difficulties prolonged in all engineering projects in the weathered rocks, the demand for such classification increased. Weathered rocks can cause particular difficulties especially in site investigations. They are often open textured and weakly bonded; they can be very sensitive to disturbance during sampling. Also their profile are often complex and variability cannot be predicted with standard geological interpolation or extrapolation. The confusion, inapplicability of the suggested classification schemes combined with the lack of agreement between professionals working in the field has led to various bodies producing their own classifications, e.g. (Anon, 1988b). Similarly, many have turned back to the (Anon, 1970) and (Anon, 1972). Some others keep using formation specified schemes like that of (Chandler, 1969). The Engineering Group of the Geological Society in an attempt to make critics see the ambiguity in its thesis has commissioned a Working Party to study the description and classification of weathered rocks for engineering purposes. The Report of Working Party (1995) provides a scheme for describing the state of weathering for uniform rock materials which are moderately strong or stronger in the fresh state which shows a clear gradation in engineering properties during weathering. The proposed classification scheme requires the use of appropriate index tests such as the point load text and slaking tests. The most logical approach to the problem of classifying degree of weathering is to describe the rock material without attempting to provide a statement on how weathered it may be, apart from commenting on the presence of discolouration, decomposition, voids and softening. Once sufficient descriptive data on the rock material and the rock mass has been acquired to establish the mechanisms and stages of weathering present, a site specific weathering classification can be developed to provide a consistent means of describing both the rock material and, more importantly the rock mass. According to (Anon, 1995); â€Å"The Working Party this time preferred to make recommendations rather than attempting to deal with all aspects of weathering†. In addition to circulating the draft at various stages among many correspondents and adding valued contribution to it, a three day meeting was held at the Leeds University, UK, in April 1994 for a more elaborate discussion. The Working Party report was then used during a day in the field and employed in the description of the weathered rocks in the laboratory (Anon, 1995). Conclusion Apart from the potential communication problems, there is a strong argument for the need to devise a single modified version of the weathered rock classification proposed that might find more general acceptance and be more readily applicable in field assessments, both rock material and rock mass.

Bibliography paper

Discuss the relative merits of top-down and bottom-up approaches to the diffusion of renewable energy technologies. †Word count: 1300 Introduction The question of whether an Initiative Is considered top-down or bottom-up Is a question of perspective, so a local council Annihilative can be viewed as a bottom up If you view It from a central government perspective, whereas you could view It as top down If you were one of the residents.Diffusion follows the innovation phase, and is all about uptake of new products by consumers, how new products enter the market and spread across. Therefore, diffusion is a measure of how successfully a new product has spread through society. In his book ‘Diffusion of Innovations' ref) Everett Rogers espouses that there are four mall elements that Influence the spread of a new Idea: the innovation Itself, communication channels, time, and a social system.In order to self-sustain, the Innovation must be widely adopted. The diffusion of Innovati ons according to Rogers. With successive groups of consumers adopting the new technology (shown in blue), its market share (yellow) will eventually reach the saturation level. Diffusion doesn't happen by itself, as it squires element of the marketing mix: product price place promotion. Process physical evidence properties pleasure people. ND Rogers' criteria for diffusion: relative advantage (offering a competitive advantage) complexity (being easy to use) compatibility (matching existing products) Absorbability (seeing the product in use) Tractability (trying the product out) Diffusion is also significantly affected by such factors as the efforts companies and organizations put into achieving those marketing mix elements and criteria for diffusion: government Initiatives aimed at Influencing the take up of new cosmologies (top-down, technology push); and the characteristics of the consumers In that market place.In the conventional depictions of consumer responses to products, consu mers are seen as passive – simply selecting from what Is on offer. However, some consumers are becoming more selective and are concerned about accordingly In his book ‘Enabling Innovation', Boor Outwitted describes innovation as involving a Darwinian process of selection. New ideas are tested and tried, but adopted only if they are seen as valuable by consumers (*ref) Top down *See â€Å"what makes renewable energy work. UDF† in 30TH folder Any technology signed to be used by society on the macro level (larger scale) needs to be integrated into existing technical and social structures. This means that these structures must be adapted to support an efficient use of the technology. The task of managing this adaptation requires the finance and support of governments.Key elements of technology support systems for renewable energy systems are: Public awareness and acceptance Qualification of everyone that interacts with the system (Installation, Maintenance and Operat ion) Quality control: every new technology goes through a number of iterations until reliable and efficient operation is achieved. If products entering the market do not meet a minimum standard confidence will be affected and diffusion may be prematurely halted. Organizational infrastructures supporting the technology must be in place to guarantee that a deficient device can be repaired quickly, and that spare parts are available.Logistical infrastructures are in place to provide fuels (in the case of Biomass) efficiently and in sufficient quantities – this may require the use of financial incentives for farmers to switch to alternative crops to support the technology. Development of standards regarding the renewable technology and fuels seed by them – this will encourage more manufacturers to enter the market thus driving performance up, and costs down, enabling further diffusion. Qualification of those indirectly confronted by the technology – architects, plan ners, public decision makers.They have special interests and create new markets with their purchasing choices. They influence the market in a bottom-up way.. Level 5 developer consumers. They develop new or modified products to meet their needs or concerns. They become more proactive in a bottom-up way in terms of technological innovation, and sometimes operate in niche markets. Level 6 Consumer innovators. Consumer initiatives lead to success and diffusion. The products transcend the niche markets created by these proactive consumers, and these products and the enterprises that have created them may become part of the mainstream. These consumers change the market and the products, and these changes may become part of the new order.At each successive level in this list, the influence of businesses on innovation and effusion decreases, as consumer influence and involvement increases. However, in all categories, business involvement is still strong and ultimately, at level 6, any succ essful products emerging from the bottom-up process are likely to be taken up by conventional companies. ‘The levels of consumer involvement shown above apply to individual consumers and small grass-roots user groups. However, these are not the only sources of external influence on the rate of technological development and diffusion. Consumers can also be part of wider consumer organizations and environmental pressure groups. Placements through the lobbying power and public influence of large numbers of members. For example, green groups may oppose nuclear power and support solar power. Clearly, given the involvement of grass-roots activists, this is a bottom-up approach, although some pressure groups have national and international roles and can be major players in the high-level political processes. ‘ The DVD includes illustrative examples which are relevant to your discussion on the relative merits of each aspect of the top-down and bottom-up approaches. They include the Hector Housing project, the Austrian DID solar case study, SamÃ'‘, Local generation in Waking etc. Ochs your attention to the good aspects of each approach. Think about such things as where these approaches might be best suited (and examples thereof), and also how whether they are mutually exclusive. Argue the case for and against various strategies for supporting diffusion for specific technologies or programmers. – Identify in general terms the key factors likely to influence the successful diffusion of new technological developments – Assess the relative merits of top-down and bottom-up approaches to diffusion and to the wider innovation process. Http://nun. Du/publications/articles/policy-innovation-for-technology-diffusion- Japanese-renewable-energy. HTML – Bottom up driving top-down: â€Å"Prior to the adoption of RPR, there were vociferous calls from the civil society requesting that the government introduce another policy model instead. The Feed-i n Tariff (FIT) is a policy generally proven to be successful in the member states of the European Union† Learning outcome 1 . 1: The way in which market, environmental and economic factors influence the consumer take-up (diffusion) of new products. – Block 4, page : key points of section 1 Block 4, page : key points of section 2 http://www. Warwick. AC. UK/face/cross_face/low_carbon/conference/programmer/low- carbon_conference_king_Wang_final_comma. PDF Diffusion theory is a collection of concepts that attempt to explain how new ideas, products or practices are taken up into use by domestic, commercial and industrial consumers.According to Everett Rogers (1983), a leading theoretician, diffusion is the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system' leading to its subsequent adoption into widespread use. Rogers identifies five factors that influence diffusion. He suggests the ease and rate performan ce and/or cost terms, compared with existing products compatibility – with existing products, and with consumers' values and lifestyles complexity – by contrast, he argues that complexity is a negative attribute absorbability – seeing it in action, including seeing how others get on using it Tractability – availability for personally checking out its merits.In addition, perceived risk or danger in use could be added to the list as another potential disincentive. Consumers have increasingly become active in making complaints about the quality of products and services. In parallel, and more positively, consumers increasingly seem to be willing to put effort into searching for what they want. This is not to do simply with price. With a generally more affluent population, the focus is increasingly on performance and quality as well as value. Block 4, pig 15 For the present, it should simply be noticed that not all of this enhanced consumer selectivity is rela ted to self-interested personal utility concerns such as performance, quality or technical advantages, or even a desire for more things.Some consumers have adopted wider ethical stances in relation to what they buy and what they will tot buy, and sometimes, how much they will buy. In practice, only a few people opt for frugal denial, but many more are concerned about the sheer volume of their personal consumption and may seek to cut back on things they feel are frivolous or in some way undesirable. According to research for the Co-operative Banks Ethical Purchasing Index, in the period from 1999 to 2002, 52 per cent of I-J consumers boycotted at least one product because they disapproved of the practices of the company concerned. It was estimated that E. 6 billion had been lost by firms in 2002 due to consumers switching brands on ethical grounds.A survey in 2004 of potential consumer attitudes to companies that did not comply with the new environmental legislation requiring compani es to reduce carbon dioxide emissions -introduced under the EX. Emissions trading scheme(Elk TEST) – found that consumers would vote with their feet if companies failed to comply with this new green legislation. One in three respondents to the survey said they would switch brand allegiance on environmental grounds if a company they regularly buy goods and services from failed to comply (Illogical, 2004). Moreover, consumer responses are not simply negative – some consumers will costively select products which comply with environmental legislation or which are marketed as, for example, involving fair trading with producers in developing countries, or which avoid testing on animals.Block 4, pig 16 environmental sensitivities that influence their purchasing decisions; some companies have responded to this new market; and the government seems keen that the public should do more, particularly in relation to selecting environmentally appropriate products. Learning outcome 1. 2: The role of consumers in supporting new product lines, resisting unwanted options and, on occasion, stimulating the production of, or even actually developing, desired products and services. – Block 4, page : key points of section 1 Block 4, page : Key points of section 2 Block 4, page : key points of section 4 Block 4, page : Key points of Section 5 Block 4, page : key points of section 6 Learning outcome 1. : The difference between top-down and bottom-up approaches to innovation and diffusion and the potential role of consumers and users in aiding diffusion and innovation. Block 4, page : key points of section 1 Block 4, page : key points of section 5 (Bottom -up) Block 4, page : key points of Section 6 (Bottom-up) Block 4, page : key points of Section 7 (Top-down) Learning outcome 1. 4: Consumer involvement with innovation and diffusion in the renewable energy sector and the problems that such activity may come up against. Block 4, : key points of section 1 Block 4, pa ge : key points of Section 2 Block 4, page : Impact on technology diffusion Block 4, page : key points of section 3 : key points of section 5 page page Block 4, page Consumer involvement classification.I have identified six levels of consumer involvement: At each successive level in this list, the influence of businesses on innovation and diffusion decreases, as consumer influence and involvement increases. However, in all categories, business involvement is still strong and ultimately, at level 6, any successful products emerging from the bottom-up process Block 4, page Governments influence the mix of products and systems in ways often beyond the control of consumers, through regulation, taxes and other policy mechanisms. They seek to stimulate the development and diffusion of selected technologies in line with wider national or international strategic priorities. For example, based on environmental policy, governments may seek to phase out the use of coal for electricity generati on and to back wind, wave or tidal power.Clearly this sort of influence involves a top-down approach, although one moderated by democratic processes. Learning outcomes 1. 5: The role of government in influencing the direction and effectiveness of the innovation process and the strategic development of technology in the context of trying to move to the environmentally sustainable use of energy. Block 4, page : Government energy options Block 4, page : Conclusions Block 4, page : key points of section 7 Block 4, pig 10 : key points of section 8 Block 4, piggy : key points of section 9 Learning outcome 1. 10: The role of diffusion and the part played by consumers in paving to a more sustainable approach to energy use.SAA 14: It is true that most innovations are the result of efforts by companies to develop products that will sell to consumers, with governments perhaps providing support for specific lines of development deemed strategically important. However, as has been argued in this block, the diffusion process can be greatly aided if consumers and users are involved in some way. Indeed, motivated consumers and users can sometimes create markets for new areas of innovation. Even when it comes to Just responding to innovations developed by others, the social and community context is important for diffusion. Certainly diffusion may be delayed or prevented if the community opposes the innovation – as was illustrated in the case of wind power.More positively, bottom-up initiatives from the grass-roots can sometimes throw up original ideas that can be diffused widely. Indeed, in some sectors this can be a major source of innovation in terms of new product development, as well as aiding Block 4, pig 23 Diffusion is the final stage of the innovation process, and is concerned with the take-up of new products by consumers. The rate of diffusion at any one time depends on how consumers react to new products. Some will adopt them quickly, most others will take the ir time, and a few will remain hesitant until there is no other option. In the conventional depictions of consumer responses to products, consumers are seen as passive – simply selecting from what is on offer.However, some consumers are becoming more selective and some are concerned about ethical, social and environmental issues and are adjusting their purchasing choices accordingly. A bottom-up grass-roots approach to innovation may offer some advantages over a top-down approach, by ensuring involvement of users in both reduce development and diffusion. A technology â€Å"push,† also known as top down transfer, is diffusion from higher levels of authority to lower levels. An example of â€Å"push† is Federal efforts at technology transfer through legislation, regulation, or policy. Entrepreneurs and other individuals or organizations whose objectives are to implement a technology typically â€Å"push† in order to do so. In marketing terms, the client is â€Å"sold† the technology.A transfer â€Å"pull† is Just the opposite, a bottom-up form of diffusion. The client demands the technology. The search for innovation moves up from the lower levels f an organization until it is accepted or addressed and resolved by higher authorities. Two systems exist for diffusion of innovation: centralized or decentralized. Decision making in centralized systems is concentrated at a high level, while decentralized systems feature wide sharing of power within the diffusion network. In centralized systems diffusion is vertical – from the top down, as innovations emerge from formal R&D projects. Centralized systems favor technology push, where â€Å"needs† are defined at a high level.Innovations which cannot be easily modified, or re-invented, re best diffused using a centralized system. Decentralized systems use horizontal diffusion, as local experimentation is often the innovation source and use technology pull, where need s are defined locally. Innovations which lend themselves to modification are best diffused by a decentralized approach because such an approach allows local adaptation of innovations to reflect local needs. There are, as a general rule, two types of projects. Projects following top-down procedures where large projects are conceived and announced by the Ministry of Scientific Research and Information or Ministry of Environment. Those commissioned projects are rewarded with large amount of money.The second type of project concerns smaller ones and follows a bottom-up approach with three different types of grants: grants for public research (PRO or Universities), SEEM projects and projects supported by the EX. Framework programmer. Http://sustainabledevelopment. UN. Org/content/documents/Kandahar. PDF top down monitoring and audit process to ensure that the quality standards are strictly met and the Company policies and procedures are being properly followed Top-down Definition  œ A development or change initiated and managed from above by overspent or companies: the conventional approach macroeconomic measures Block 4, pig 82 governments can ensure the successful development and spread of strategically selected technologies.This will include a look at new technology development as well as at diffusion because the successful diffusion of new products frequently rests on how well those products have been developed. For example, the UK government's 2003 innovation review identified environmental issues, and the need for improved, lower impact products and services, as a key driver for future innovation. The review suggested that some of the new developments would be specific environmental goods and services, such as technologies to minimize pollutants or promote resource efficiency, or renewable energy sources Block 4, pig 86 Nevertheless, in order to achieve its aim of increasing the contribution from renewable, the I-J government found it necessary to provi de support to enable the newly emerging technologies to enter the marketplace.New technologies usually face a challenge in trying to get established in markets dominated by the existing range of products, and this was clearly a problem for renewable faced with the nominate fossil fuel and nuclear industries. So the government decided to provide extra support to stimulate diffusion, by adjusting the market. As noted earlier, this is sometimes called market ennoblement – enabling key new technologies to be taken up by the market. Block 4, pig 90 By contrast, the subsidy systems for wind projects in Germany, Denmark and elsewhere meant they could make use of locations with much lower wind speeds – indeed they often had little choice because, for example, Denmark is mostly flat and wind speeds there and in Germany are generally much lower than in the I-J. Block 4, pig 93

Introduction of 4ps Essay

Marketing The 4 Ps of marketing are Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. Think of each of these as a variable which you control. The idea is to set these variables in such a way so that sales will take place. You cannot â€Å"make† a customer pull out her credit card, but you can certainly help her in coming to a decision by setting the â€Å"right† price, the retail location, the level of advertising and even product attributes such as colour or perceived quality. You control everything but the customer herself. These variables are all interdependent. Taken together, they constitute a certain mix. This is often referred to as the marketing mix. In defining this mix it is also necessary to take into account your competitor’s mix as well as your overall corporate goals and objectives. The idea is to come up with a mix that will clearly differentiate your products from those of your competitors while considering your corporate goals. For example, your company may wish to offer a high-end luxury type of product since your competitors are addressing the mass market and this is consistent with your company’s goal of owning  the market for top-of-the-line products of this category. Definition of 4P’s Product: The marketing mix concept has its roots in the 1950s U. S. corporate marketing world, and the practice of marketing has obviously evolved tremendously since this term was invented. One of the changes is that there are a lot more services available nowadays, such as those available online. Also, the distinction between product and service has become more blurry. Either way, product here refers to products or services. The product or service you offer needs to be able to meet a specific, existing market demand. Or, you need to be able to create a market niche through building a strong brand. Price: The price you set for your product or service plays a large role in its marketability. Pricing for products or services that are more commonly available in the market is more elastic, meaning that unit sales will go up or down more responsively in response to price changes. By contrast, those products that have a generally more limited availability in the market are more inelastic, meaning that price changes will not affect unit sales very much. The price elasticity of your product or service can be determined through various market testing techniques. Place: This term really refers to any way that the customer can obtain a product or receive a service. Provision of a product or service can occur via any number of distribution channels, such as in a retail store, through the mail, via downloadable files, on a cruise ship, in a hair salon, and so on The ease and options through which you can make your product or service available to your customers will have an effect on your sales volume. Promotion: Promotion is concerned with any vehicle you employ for getting people to know more about your product or service. Advertising, public relations, point-of-sale displays, and word-of-mouth promotion are all traditional ways for promoting a product. Promotion can be seen as a way of closing the information gap between would-be sellers and would-be buyers. Your choice of a promotional strategy will be dependent upon your budget, the type of product or service you are selling, and availability of said promotional vehicle.

Carrion Beetles, Family Silphidae

Look no further than your nearest road kill if you want to collect specimens in the family Silphidae. Carrion beetles inhabit the remains of dead vertebrates, munching on maggots and consuming the corpse. As gross as that sounds, its an important job. Carrion beetles also go by the common names burying beetles and sexton beetles. What Do Carrion Beetles Look Like? Unless you’re in the habit of examining carcasses, you may never come across a carrion beetle. Some species will fly to porch lights on summer evenings, so you may get lucky and find one on your front door. While we might find the carrion beetle’s diet rather distasteful, these scavengers provide a vital ecological service - disposing of carcasses. Most of the carrion beetles we encounter fall into one of two genera: Silpha or Nicrophorus. Silpha beetles are medium to large, oval in shape, and usually flattened. They’re typically black, sometimes with a yellow pronotum. Nicrophorus beetles (sometimes spelled Necrophorus) are commonly called burying beetles, thanks to their remarkable ability to move and bury carcasses. Their bodies are elongate, with shortened elytra. Many burying beetles are red and black in color. Though carrion beetles as a family range in size from just a few millimeters to as long as 35 mm, most species we commonly encounter top 10 mm in length. Silphids have clubbed antennae, and tarsi (feet) with 5 joints. Carrion beetle larvae have elongated bodies that taper at the hind end. Carrion Beetles Classifications Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass - InsectaOrder - ColeoopteraFamily - Silphidae Carrion Beetle Diet As adults, most carrion beetles feed on maggots, as well as on the decomposing carcass they inhabit. The adults’ voracious appetite for maggots certainly helps eliminate competition for their offspring. The carrion beetle larvae feed on the carcass, which would quickly be devoured by maggots without the intervention of the adult Silphids. A few carrion beetle species feed on plants, or even more rarely, prey on snails or caterpillars. The Carrion Beetle Life Cycle Like all beetles, Silphids undergo complete metamorphosis, with four stages of the life cycle: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The adult carrion beetles lay eggs on or near a decomposing carcass. The young larvae emerge in about a week and will feed on the carcass for up to a month before pupating. Interesting Behaviors of Carrion Beetles Burying beetles (genus Nicrophorus) practice remarkable feats of insect strength in an effort to beat the competition to the carcass. When a pair of burying beetles comes across a carcass, they will immediately go to work burying the body. A couple Nicrophorus beetles can completely inter a carcass as large as a rat in a matter of hours. To do so, the beetles plow the earth beneath the carcass, using their heads like bulldozer blades to push loose soil out from under the body. As more and more soil is excavated from beneath it, the carcass begins to settle into the ground. Eventually, the burying beetles push the loose soil back over the body, effectively hiding it from competitors like blow flies. If the soil beneath the carcass proves to difficult to dig, the beetles may work together to lift and carry the body to another location nearby. The bright bands of red or orange on the wings of many carrion beetles warn potential predators that they won’t make a very delicious meal, so don’t bother tasting them. There’s something to be said for the old adage â€Å"you are what you eat.† Carrion beetles, after all, feed on rotting flesh, and all the bacteria that goes along with it. Silphids apparently taste and smell like death. Where Do Carrion Beetles Live? The family Silphidae is a fairly small beetle group, with just 175 species known worldwide. Of these, about 30 species inhabit North America. Most carrion beetles inhabit temperate regions. Sources: Borror and DeLong’s Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th Edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. JohnsonInsects: Their Natural History and Diversity, by Stephen A. MarshallKaufman Field Guide to Insects of North America, by Eric R. Eaton and Kenn KaufmanA Matter of Taste – The Natural History of Carrion Beetles, by Brett C. Ratcliffe, Curator of Insects, University of Nebraska State MuseumFamily Silphidae, Bugguide.net, accessed November 29, 2011